Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease considered as a type of rheumatic disease. In rheumatoid arthritis, the body's immune system targets the joints, causing inflammation. This results in chronic inflammation of the synovium, the lining of the joints.
The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune system-related factors. The disease typically affects specific joints symmetrically, meaning it can spread to the same joint groups on both sides of the body. RA tends to affect small joints such as those in the hands and feet, but it can also involve other joints over time.
Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include joint swelling, stiffness, pain, and limited range of motion. Additionally, morning stiffness, which is more pronounced in the mornings or after prolonged periods of inactivity, is typical. Rheumatoid arthritis can lead to joint damage, loss of function, and reduced quality of life.
The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis aims to control symptoms, reduce inflammation, prevent joint damage, and slow the progression of the disease. Treatment options may include medications (such as anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, and immunomodulatory drugs), physical therapy, exercise, nutrition, and lifestyle changes. Early diagnosis and treatment can help control symptoms and reduce joint damage.
